wafaajaradein – International Jordanian journal Aryam for humanities and social sciences

Date:December 13, 2025Posted By:wafaajaradeinCategory:Volume 6, Issue 2

Author: Assist Prof. Dr. Faris Younus Shamsulddin (1-58)

The Mediating Role of Concurrent Engineering Dimensions in the Relationship between Smart Manufacturing Pillars and Manufacturing Flexibility Dimensions An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of employees at Kronji Soft Drinks, Healthy Water, Dairy and Beverages Co., Ltd/ Kirkuk Creators Assist Prof. Dr. Faris Younus Shamsulddin Description Abstract: The research aims to determine the…

Date:December 11, 2025Posted By:wafaajaradeinCategory:Volume 1, Issue 4

Author: Dr. Qais Fathi Ahmed (172-186)

Historical and geographical sources A source of the study of the cities of the edges of the desert (Al-Ahsa model) Creators Dr. Qais Fathi Ahmed Description Abstract: Historical, geographical and travel sources have been an important source of historical research in comparison to the information they have provided to researchers in the definition of desert cities….

Date:December 11, 2025Posted By:wafaajaradeinCategory:Volume 1, Issue 4

Author: Dr. Fatima Salem Omar Al-Aqili ( 146-171)

The political and military conflict between the Germans, the inhabitants of the Libyan Desert, and the Romans from the end of the first century BC until the end of the second century AD, through literary sources and archaeological remains. Creators Dr. Fatima Salem Omar Al-Aqili Description Abstract: This research deals with the political and military conflict…

Date:December 11, 2025Posted By:wafaajaradeinCategory:Volume 1, Issue 4

Author: Dr. Issa Fadel Nazzal Al-Shammari ( 134-145)

The Journey of the Czech Traveler Elwa Mosel in the Valleys and Deserts of the Arab Levant (1896–1915) Dr. Issa Fadel Nazzal Al-Shammari (pp. 101–113) Abstract After learning Arabic and studying historical texts on the history, civilization, and geography of the Levant, Alois Mosel began his journey in 1896. During his travels, he closely observed…

Date:December 11, 2025Posted By:wafaajaradeinCategory:Volume 1, Issue 4

Author: Dr. Khanzad Sabah Mohiuddin ( 120-133)

Administrative Systems during the Fatimid Era (358-567 AH / 968-1171 AD) Dr. Khanzad Sabah Mohiuddin (pp. 89–100) Abstract Egypt, after coming under Islamic authority, experienced a complex political reality where many local or regional authorities exercised dominance independently of the central government. This decentralization contributed to the success and survival of these authorities. One of…

Date:December 11, 2025Posted By:wafaajaradeinCategory:Volume 1, Issue 4

Author: Dr. Hatem Fahd Hano Al-Taie ( 103-119)

Means of Financial Transactions in the Abbasid State in the Century (3 Ht / 9 m) (Instrument, Seal, and Banking Model) Dr. Hatem Fahd Hano Al-Taie (pp. 72–88) Abstract Financial transactions were one of the main pillars of the Islamic economy. They were closely linked to the industrial, agricultural, and commercial activities of societies through…

Date:December 11, 2025Posted By:wafaajaradeinCategory:Volume 1, Issue 4

Author: Dr. Ihab Abdel Razzaq Al-Naas ( 71-102)

Energy in Libya and its Role in Sustainable Development Between Reality and Hopes Dr. Ihab Abdel Razzaq Al-Naas (pp. 47–71) Abstract The importance of energy to the Libyan state is increasing due to its vast area of approximately 1,760,000 km², with urbanization covering only about five percent of the territory. Most of the population is…

Date:December 11, 2025Posted By:wafaajaradeinCategory:Volume 1, Issue 4

Author: Dr. Al Khader Bin Issa ( 57-70)

The desert in Algerian literature, the novel I will give you a gazelle by Malik Haddad, is an example Creators Dr. Al Khader Bin Issa Description Abstract: The desert changes every moment. It is formed every moment. It is a world in a stage of continuous formation. With these phrases, the desert is revealed by Abdel…

Date:December 11, 2025Posted By:wafaajaradeinCategory:Volume 1, Issue 4

Author: Dr. Ahmed Brady ( 43-56)

Organizing the Cultural Heritage of the Ahghar through the Diwan of the Ahghar Barn Dr. Ahmed Brady (pp. 33–46) Abstract The al-Hoggar region, one of the desert regions of Algeria, is rich in diverse natural resources and possesses a unique cultural heritage. To preserve and valorise this heritage, the Algerian legislator established an independent institution…

Date:December 11, 2025Posted By:wafaajaradeinCategory:Volume 1, Issue 4

Author: Dr. SAFIA ZOURDANI ( 10-42)

Communication: Saharan Tourism in Algeria: Opportunities and Constraints to Socioeconomic Development Dr. SAFIA ZOURDANI (pp. 10–32) Abstract One of the seventeen goals of sustainable development identified by the United Nations by 2030 is tourism. Tourism serves as a multidimensional indicator of economic, social, and political progress. In Algeria, Saharan tourism possesses significant potential due to…