The Daylam Soldiers and the Turks and Their Political Struggle in the Buyid Era Dr. Omar Ahmed Saeed (pp. 1–31) Abstract The soldiers, due to the scarcity of livelihoods and salaries, were constantly declaring riots against the caliphs, the Buyid princes, their ministers, and even their leaders because of intensified financial distress and rising prices….
Archives in the Neo-Babylonian period (626-539 BC) Creators Dr. Muhannad Khalaf Jumeen Al-Shammari Description Abstract: Archives appeared from early times in the history of ancient Iraq, starting with the era of Uruk, and continued throughout the times of Mesopotamia. The goal of studying them is to learn about the administrative and economic system in ancient Iraq,…
Anthropology of Holiness, Guardianship, and Visiting Shrines in Western Sahara: A Theoretical Approach and Field Study Dr. Muhammad Al-Dahmi (pp. 114–146) Abstract Interest in the field of holiness, including visiting shrines, is well justified because, despite the changes in Sahrawi society, belief in the blessing of saints and ancestors continues to inhabit the collective imagination….
Groundwater Resource Balance Control Mechanisms in Desert Zones Dr. Muhammad Al-Qutbi (pp. 47–69) University Ahmed Draia-Adrar, Algeria Abstract Groundwater resources are among the most critical natural assets for sustaining life in desert areas, making it essential for water policymakers in these regions to understand how to manage and balance their use to support sustainable development….
Economic transformations in Jerusalem throughout history Creators Dr. Imad Abdulaziz Youssef Dr.Omar Amjad Saleh Description Abstract: Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, who was sent as a mercy to the worlds and guided to the straight path. Jerusalem is the heart of Palestine, and the…
The Position of the African Sahara in the Basket of the New European Energy Strategy Dr. Sadiqi Naima (pp. 124–135) Abstract The African Sahara has occupied a very important place in the priorities of the European Union. As a regional power, the EU seeks to benefit from the resources of the African Sahara, aiming for…
Adolescents in the Desert Environment – An Anthropological Study in the Adrar Region in Southern Algeria Dr. Saadia Qandousi & Dr. Al-Eid Qaada (pp. 91–123) Abstract Theoretical frameworks emphasize that the manifestations accompanying adolescence are universal. Adolescents experience crises throughout this stage, including challenges in their relationships with adults, efforts to achieve identity and self-affirmation,…
The Algerian Sahara in the Works of the French Orientalist Henri Duveyrier Dr. Ahmed Bennani (pp. 21–31) University: Tamanghasset University Center – Algeria Abstract The researcher aims in this paper to examine the role of a European explorer in studying the Algerian Sahara and to identify the specific characteristics of Algerian society. Henri Duverger travelled…
Economic Crises and Their Negative Effects on Social Life in the Levant from the Sixth Century to the End of the Eighth Migration / Eleventh Century Until the End of the Fourteenth AD Assistant Qays Fathi Ahmad (pp. 70–83) Abstract The Levant experienced numerous economic crises that profoundly impacted all aspects of social life. Historical…
The first Timuri occupation of Iraq and its collapse 795-797 AH/1393-1395 AD Creators Assistant Raghad Eabdalkarim ‘Ahmad Alnajaar Description Abstract: After the collapse of the Ilkhanian state of the Mongols in the year 736 AH/ 1335 CE, Iraq was subjected to the four -year -old, with the competing force with him to share the property of…