Research Article Details

Citation Journal Title: International Jordanian Journal Aryam for Humanities and Social Sciences

Citation Title: Legal guarantees for holding public employees accountable in Iraqi, Tunisian, and Lebanese law

Citation Author: Abbas Khudair Abbas Al-Majmaie

Citation Affiliation: Bar-Ilan University – Department of Arabic Language- Director of the Youth Department, Kafr Qara Municipality

Citation Volume: 7

Citation Issue: 4

Citation Year: 2025

Citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.65811/744

Citation PDF: https://aijj.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/IJJA-VOL7-ISSUE-4NO-4-2025-PP-105-123-PDF-1.pdf

Received Date: 7 Jun 2025

Revised Date: 29 July 2025

Accepted Date: 24 September 2025

Publication Date: 7 October 2025

First Page: 105

Citation Abstract: This thesis aims to explain how public employees are legally held accountable according to the laws of the comparative countries of Iraq, Tunisia, and Lebanon. The study revealed that there are certain laws applied by Iraqi, Tunisian, and Lebanese legislators that serve the public employee's interests and fairness when holding them accountable. The study also revealed deficiencies in some laws, which we hope legislators in the comparative countries will take into consideration and explicitly and clearly stipulate to ensure the proper conduct of legal accountability for public employees, in accordance with fair and transparent laws. While public utilities are the tools and means by which the state meets the general needs of society, public employees are the engines of these utilities' efficient achievement of their goals. Although the principle of effectiveness requires management to grant discretion in disciplining erring employees, job security and peace of mind play an important role in motivating and devoting them to fulfilling their responsibilities to the fullest extent possible. Therefore, there is a principle that assertion must be implemented in a consistent manner. In this research, we relied on the descriptive inductive approach to describe the foundations and principles of public employee accountability, comparing Iraqi, Tunisian, and Lebanese law.

Citation Keywords: Principles of Accountability, Public Servant, Iraqi law, Tunisian law, Lebanese law.