Abstract: Historical, geographical and travel sources have been an important source of historical research in comparison to the information they have provided to researchers in the definition of desert cities. The valuable information conveyed to us by various historical sources about the transformation of these countries and the conditions of life is a clear picture of the importance of its location, It was the information that motivated me to study these sources and research them. In my study, I took a model of the cities of the edge of the desert, or the city of Al-Ahsa, and I spoke about its name and its significance, its establishment and the importance of its location, especially during the Hajj seasons. Different cities, what was said in describing them geographically, the nature of their climate, urbanization and so on.

Keywords: Desert, historical sources.