Abstract: The problem of soil salinity is considered one of the serious problems for the soil and for agricultural production in regions of the world in general, Iraq and the soil of the southern part of the Iraqi alluvial plain, as this was embodied in the abandonment of large areas of agricultural land and a decrease in agricultural production. Therefore, the research aims to know the historical development of this problem and then determine the quantity and quality of salts. Explaining the causes of their accumulation and their effects, and finally proposing appropriate solutions. The first signs of salinity appeared in the research area since the middle of the third millennium BC and began to worsen until the present time. The soil of the region was found to be a silty mixture with slow subsidence and moderate permeability. Its general average salinity is 13.5 mmH/cm, the E.S.P is about 18.4% and the PH is 6.7. For all sites, the soil of river banks and basins is considered saline-alkaline soil. It increases towards the south and from the river banks to the adjacent lowlands.

Keywords: Spatial variation, alluvial plain, agricultural production.