Abstract: Archives appeared from early times in the history of ancient Iraq, starting with the era of Uruk, and continued throughout the times of Mesopotamia. The goal of studying them is to learn about the administrative and economic system in ancient Iraq, especially in temples, palaces, and governmental institutions, as it is possible through them to know the people responsible for their management and others. Among other activities, the archives left to us by the scribes of Mesopotamia have helped us understand the various affairs of life at that time. For example, but not limited to, the judicial records that were found in the city of Kirsu from the era of Ur III were final rulings and their purpose was to remind the judges of the events of the case in the event of a renewal. Trials, as well as reviewing repeated rulings and referring to them in the event of a case similar to a case on which the courts have previously taken a decision. As for documents that are not used on a continuous basis, they have been preserved due to their historical importance.

Keywords: Archives, Neo-Babylonian period.