Received: 09-06-2023 Revised: 11-06-2023 Accepted: 04-09-2023
Abstract: James Vander believes that sociology is a science that studies human behaviour and interaction, which appears in the relationship of individuals to each other, as it is concerned with what happens between people, the activities they practice among each other, and the relationships that grow and develop among them. This science includes topics It is diverse and extensive, as it deals with crime, religion, the family and the state, divisions in society, and social classes.